LEVELS AND TIERS IN ARGUMENTATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17721/2523-4064.2017/2-3/7Keywords:
informal logic, real argument, level of argumentation, tier of argumentation, critical questionAbstract
This paper focuses on approach with distinguished two levels of argumentation connected to object-arguments and metaarguments. In addition, I differentiate three tiers of argumentation (logical, dialectical and rhetorical). Levels and tiers of argumentation are considered from a standpoint of informal logic, a discipline located in the borderland between logic and epistemology. I look at levels and tiers of argumentation, aiming to figure out key features of real argument, which is a subject matter of informal logic.
References
Blair, J. A. & Johnson R. H. (1987). The Current state of informal logic. Informal Logic 9, 147-151.
Eemeren, F. H. van & Garssen, B. & Krabbe, E. C. W. & Snoeck Henkemans, F. A. & Verheij, B. & Wagemans, J. H. M. eds (2015). Handbook of argumentation theory. Dordrecht: Springer Reference.
Finocchiaro, M. A. (2013). Meta-argumentation. An approach to logic and argumentation theory. London: College publication.
Johnson, R. H. (2000). Manifest Rationality. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates.
Johnson, R.H., & Blair, J. A. (1994), Informal logic: past and present. In New essays in informal logic, 1-19. Winsdor, Ontario, Canada: Informal Logic.
Govier, T. (1987). Problems in argument analysis and evaluation. Dordrecht-Holland: Foris Publication.
Govier, T. (2000). Critical review; Johnson's Manifest Rationality. Informal Logic, 17, 407-419.
Groarke, L. (2016). Informal logic. In Stanford Encyclopedia on Philosophy, http://plato.stanford.edu/ entries/logic-informal/ [accessed 3ed November 2016].
Hansen, H. V. (2002). An exploration of Johnson's sense of 'argument'. Argumentation, 16, 263-276.
Hichcock, D. (2002). The practice of argumentative discussion. Argumentation, 16, 287-298.
Perelman, Ch. & Olbrechts-Tyteca, L. (1958). Traité De L'argumentation: La Nouvelle Rhétorique. Paris: Presses Universitaires.
Toulmin, S. E. (1958). The Uses of Argument. Cambridge: Cambridge UP.
ISSN 
ISSN 
