THE "MANAGEMENT" OF LIVING BUDDHAS' REINCARNATION BY THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

Abstract

B a c k g r o u n d . This article explores the phenomenon of managing the reincarnation of living Buddhas in Tibetan Buddhism, a cornerstone of the spiritual and cultural identity of Tibetans. It examines the political intervention of the Chinese government in this sacred tradition, focusing particularly on the implementation of 'Order No. 5' (2007), which regulates the reincarnation of tulkus.

M e t hods . The research employs historical-critical analysis to trace the genesis of the tulku tradition and a comparative approach to examine the differences between traditional Tibetan and modern Chinese views on reincarnation. Official documents and religious texts are analysed through the lens of political philosophy and religious studies.

R esu l t s . The study reveals that the bureaucratisation of the reincarnation process by the Chinese government undermines the spiritual autonomy of Tibetan Buddhism while advancing political control and cultural assimilation (Sinicisation). The implementation of 'Order No. 5' has become a mechanism for consolidating state control over sacred traditions, provoking widespread international criticism.

C onc l u s i ons . Reincarnation, as a deeply spiritual practice, is increasingly being used as a tool of political influence, posing significant challenges to the preservation of Tibetan cultural and religious identity. The Chinese government's control over this process risks creating divisions within Tibetan communities and exacerbates tensions on the international stage.